Brazilian economy is one of the most discussed nowadays. Rich and complex economic history, socio-democratic trends, and changing role in national and international scenario ensure the foreign interest and numerous studies around the world. This book is addressed to explain the Brazilian socio-economic trends and political influence on the overall national context, underlining the crucial historical moments and industrial concerns thanks to which the country face difficulties in the international scenario of the XXI century. Based on significant amount of information, from ancient texts to today's protests against Government, this book develop quantitative and theoretical analysis answering basically on the question "Why the today economic situation of Brazil is like it is?" starting from the first crucial moment for the Brazilian economy, Getulio Vargas presidency.